LYNN: Hotels with halal kitchen in Bangkok
tks for good info.
Thursday, October 31, 2013
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Thursday, April 8, 2010
Auxiliary steering gear ( General requirement)
Auxiliary Steering Gear is the equipment other than any part of the main steering gear necessary to steer the ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear but not including the tiller, quardrant or components serving the same purpose. ( Ref : SOLAS II-1, Reg 3.4)
SOLAS II-1- Reg 29 - para 4
4 The auxiliary steering gear shall be:
.1 of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at navigable
speed and of being brought speedily into action in an
emergency;
.2 capable of putting the rudder over from 158 on one side to 158
on the other side in not more than 60 s with the ship at its
deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at one half of the
maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots, whichever is the
greater; and
.3 operated by power where necessary to meet the requirements of
paragraph 4.2 and in any case when the Administration requires
a rudder stock of over 230 mm diameter in way of the tiller,
excluding strengthening for navigation in ice.
SOLAS- Reg 29 - para 5
5 Main and auxiliary steering gear power units shall be:
.1 arranged to restart automatically when power is restored after a
power failure; and
.2 capable of being brought into operation from a position on the
navigation bridge. In the event of a power failure to any one of
the steering gear power units, an audible and visual alarm shall
be given on the navigation bridge.
SOLAS II-1- Reg 29 - para 4
4 The auxiliary steering gear shall be:
.1 of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at navigable
speed and of being brought speedily into action in an
emergency;
.2 capable of putting the rudder over from 158 on one side to 158
on the other side in not more than 60 s with the ship at its
deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at one half of the
maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots, whichever is the
greater; and
.3 operated by power where necessary to meet the requirements of
paragraph 4.2 and in any case when the Administration requires
a rudder stock of over 230 mm diameter in way of the tiller,
excluding strengthening for navigation in ice.
SOLAS- Reg 29 - para 5
5 Main and auxiliary steering gear power units shall be:
.1 arranged to restart automatically when power is restored after a
power failure; and
.2 capable of being brought into operation from a position on the
navigation bridge. In the event of a power failure to any one of
the steering gear power units, an audible and visual alarm shall
be given on the navigation bridge.
Monday, March 29, 2010
Enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers
SOLAS/XI-1/Reg 2 >> Enhanced Surveys for bulk carriers and Oil tankers
For ship constructed : ON or AFTER 25-05-1980
SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES ON THE ENHANCED PROGRAMME OF INSPECTIONS DURING
SURVEYS OF BULK CARRIERS AND OIL TANKERS
(IMO RESOLUTION A.744(18), AS AMENDED)
AN OVERVIEW by Dr. Heike Hoppe
Technical Officer, IMO
January 2002
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IMO or its Secretariat. P:\documents\HeikeA744.doc
1 Introduction
1 The Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers (resolution A.744(18)), hereinafter called “the Guidelines”, were adopted by the 18th session of the IMO Assembly in November 1993. The intention of the Guidelines is to ensure that an appropriate level of review of plans and documents during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers is conducted and consistency in their application is achieved. The evaluation of survey reports, survey programmes, planning documents, etc., should be carried out at the
managerial level of the responsible maritime Administration or organization recognized by the Administration.
2 The Guidelines are divided into two annexes:
.1 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk
carriers (Annex A); and
.2 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of oil
tankers (Annex B).
3 The Guidelines are mandatory under SOLAS regulation XI/2 for bulk carriers as defined in SOLAS regulation IX/1.61 and oil tankers as defined in SOLAS regulation II-1/2.122. The regulation requires that bulk carriers and oil tankers as defined in SOLAS shall be subject to an enhanced programme of inspections in accordance with the Guidelines, as may be amended (seeparagraph 7 below).
2 Background
4 At the 60th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 60) in April 1992, the
Japanese delegation, drawing the attention of the Committee to the urgent need to develop guidelines for an enhanced programme of surveys and inspections of oil tankers in pursuance of regulation 13G(3) of MARPOL 73/78 and of bulk carriers, pursuant to resolution A.713(17) on Safety of ships carrying solid bulk cargoes, proposed the establishment of a joint MSC/MEPC working group on enhanced surveys and inspections. The joint working group was first convened at the 33rd session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 33) and continued its work at MSC 61.
5 MSC 62 in May 1993 approved the final draft of the Guidelines and agreed that a single Assembly resolution should cover both bulk carrier and oil tanker guidelines. MEPC 34 was requested to further review the Guidelines before submission to A 18 for adoption. The Committee also agreed that the Guidelines should be mandatory under SOLAS and approved relevant draft amendments to the Convention for submission to the 1994 SOLAS Conference for further consideration.
6 The 18th IMO Assembly in November 1993 eventually adopted resolution A.744(18) on
Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers, inviting Governments to apply the Guidelines as soon as possible to all bulk carriers and oil tankers respectively and requesting the MSC and the MEPC to keep them under review and update them as necessary, in the light of experience gained in their application.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Bulk carrier means a ship which is constructed generally with single deck, top-side tanks and hopper side
tanks in cargo spaces, and is intended to primarily carry dry cargo in bulk, and includes such types as ore carriers
and combination carriers.
2 An oil tanker is the oil tanker defined in regulation 1 of annex I of MARPOL 73/78 as follows: Oil tanker
means a ship constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil in bulk in its cargo spaces and includes combination
carriers and any “chemical tanker” as defined in Annex II of the present Convention when it is carrying a cargo or
part cargo of oil in bulk.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 The 1994 SOLAS Conference adopted new SOLAS chapter XI on Special measures to
enhance maritime safety (Conference resolution 1, annex 1), thereby making resolution
A.744(18), as may be amended, mandatory through regulation XI/2 which reads as follows: “Enhanced surveys Bulk carriers as defined in regulation IX/1.6 and oil tankers as defined in regulation II-1/2.12 shall be subject to an enhanced programme of inspections in accordance with the guidelines adopted by the Assembly of the Organization by resolution A.744(18), as may be amended by the Organization, provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the present Convention concerning the amendment procedures applicable to the annex other than chapter I.”
8 In this connection, the 1994 SOLAS Conference also adopted special provisions for
amending SOLAS chapter XI (Conference resolution 5 - Future amendments to chapter XI of the 1974 SOLAS Convention on special measures to enhance maritime safety), taking into account that the measures now included in chapter XI were of a very special nature to enhance maritime safety and that it was undesirable to frequently amend the provisions. The Conference therefore recommended that future amendments to chapter XI should only be adopted by a Conference of Contracting Governments to SOLAS in accordance with the provisions of article VIII(c) of the Convention.
3 Contents of the Guidelines
9 The contents of the Guidelines as described in the following include the amendments in force on 1 January 2002, i.e. the 1996 and 1997 amendments (for more details on those amendments refer to section 4).
3.1 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk
carriers (Annex A)
10 The Guidelines start of with a general chapter on application, definitions and scope of surveys. It stipulates that the Guidelines should apply to surveys of hull structure and piping systems in way of cargo holds, cofferdams, pipe tunnels, void spaces within the cargo length area and all ballast tanks and that the surveys should be carried out during the surveys prescribed by the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended. Prior to inspection the surveyor should examine the completeness of documentation on board and its contents as a basis for the survey. When a
survey results in the identification of significant corrosion or of significant structural defects which, in the opinion of the surveyor, will impair the structural integrity of the ship, then remedial action, in consultation with the Administration should be agreed and implemented before the ship continues in service.
11 Chapter 2 deals with the enhanced survey carried out during the periodical survey. It starts with general provisions on timing and conduct of the enhanced survey, continues with detailed requirements for dry-dock surveys, space protection, inspections of hatch covers and coamings and goes on to explain the extent of overall and close-up surveys, thickness measurements and tank pressure testing.
12 Chapter 3 talks about the enhanced survey carried out during the annual survey, for the purpose of ensuring, as far as practicable, that the hull, hatch covers, coamings and piping are maintained in a satisfactory condition. It also includes provisions on the examination of cargo holds and ballast tanks.
13 The intermediate enhanced survey is the subject of chapter 4, concerning those items which are additional to the requirements of the annual survey and may be surveyed either at the second or third annual survey or between these surveys. It has requirements for the survey of ballast tanks and cargo holds and the extent of thickness measurements.
14 Chapter 5 deals with preparations for survey, in particular the survey programme, the conditions for survey, access to structures, equipment for survey and the conduct of surveys at sea or at anchorage.
15 Chapter 6 contains provisions for prompt and thorough repairs of bulk carriers relative to damages and wastage in cargo holds, requesting that any damage or excessive wastage beyond allowable limits to side shell frames, their end attachments and/or adjacent shell plating, and deck structure and deck plating between hatches, watertight bulkheads and hatch covers and hatch coamings that affect the structural strength or integrity of the hull of the vessel, is to be
promptly and thoroughly repaired.
16 The on-board documentation to be supplied and maintained by the owner and to be
made available to the surveyor is specified in chapter 7. It contains requirements for the survey report file, supporting documents and the review of documentation on board by the surveyor.
17 Chapter 8 is dedicated to procedures for thickness measurements, including general
requirements and special provisions regarding the certification of thickness measurement company and the preparation of the thickness measurement report.
18 Reporting and evaluation of survey are dealt with in chapter 9, stating that the data and information on the structural condition of the ship collected during the survey should be evaluated for acceptability and continued structural integrity of the ship and that a condition evaluation report of the survey and results should be issued to the owner.
19 Specific requirements for particular provisions of Annex A of the Guidelines are
contained in annexes as follows:
o Annex 1 Requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys
o Annex 2 Requirements for thickness measurements at periodical surveys
o Annex 3 Owner's inspection report
o Annex 4 Principles for planning document
o Annex 5 Procedures for certification of a company engaged in thickness
measurements of hull structures
o Annex 6 Reporting principles
o Annex 7 Condition evaluation report
o Annex 8 Recommended procedures for thickness measurements
o Appendix 1 General particulars
o Appendix 2 Reports on thickness measurement
o Appendix 3 Guidance on thickness measurement
o Annex 9 Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of
enhanced survey for bulk carriers
o Annex 10 Requirements for extent of thickness measurement at those areas of
substantial corrosion. Periodical survey of bulk carriers within the cargo area
3.2 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of oil tankers
(Annex B)
20 The Guidelines start with a general chapter on application, definitions and scope of surveys. It stipulates that the Guidelines should apply to all oil tankers of 500 tons gross tonnage and above, otherwise the same provisions as in Annex A apply.
21 Chapter 2 deals with the enhanced survey carried out during the periodical survey. It starts with general provisions on timing and conduct of the enhanced survey, continues with detailed requirements for dry-dock surveys and inspection of tank corrosion prevention systems and goes on to explain the extent of overall and close-up surveys, thickness measurements and tank pressure testing.
22 Chapter 3 talks about the enhanced survey carried out during the annual survey, for the purpose of ensuring, as far as practicable, that the hull, weather decks, cargo pump-rooms and pipe tunnels are maintained in a satisfactory condition. It also includes provisions on the examination of ballast tanks.
23 The intermediate enhanced survey is the subject of chapter 4, concerning those items which are additional to the requirements of the annual survey and may be surveyed either at the second or third annual survey or between these surveys. It has requirements for the survey of oil tankers over 5 years of age but not more than 10 years of age and oil tankers over 10 years of age and also for the extent of thickness measurements.
24 Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 are very similar to chapters 5, 7, 8 and 9 of Annex A, dealing with preparations for survey, documentation on board, procedures for thickness measurements and reporting and evaluation of survey.
25 Specific requirements for particular provisions of Annex B of the Guidelines are
contained in annexes as follows:
o Annex 1 Requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys
o Annex 2 Requirements for thickness measurements at periodical surveys
o Annex 3 Requirements for tank pressure testing at periodical surveys
o Annex 4 Requirements for extent of thickness measurements at areas of
substantial corrosion. Periodical survey within the cargo area
o Annex 5 Owner's inspection report
o Annex 6 Principles for planning document
o Annex 7 Procedures for certification of a company engaged in thickness
measurements of hull structures
o Annex 8 Reporting principles
o Annex 9 Condition evaluation report
o Annex 10 Recommended procedures for thickness measurements
o Appendix 1 General particulars
o Appendix 2 Reports on thickness measurement
o Appendix 3 Guidance on thickness measurement
o Annex 11 Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of
enhanced survey for oil tankers
4 Amendments to the Guidelines3
26 Since the Guidelines are mandatory under SOLAS (see paragraphs 3 and 7 above),
amendments have to follow the procedures outlined in article VIII(b) and regulation XI/2 of the SOLAS Convention. This concerns in particular the proposal and circulation of draft amendments, their adoption, the dates of their acceptance and their entry into force and the circulation of certified texts of the amendments after adoption.
27 Since their adoption in 1993 the Guidelines have been extensively amended and further amendments, prepared by the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Equipment (DE), are currently in the pipeline (see section 4.4 below). The following amendments are in force or will be entering into force in the near future.
4.1 1996 amendments
28 Resolution MSC.49(66), containing the first set of amendments to the Guidelines, was adopted by the MSC on 4 June 1996 and entered into force on 1 July 1998. The amendments concerned both annexes to the resolution (i.e. applied to bulk carriers and oil tankers) as follows:
o introduction of changes and additions to the provisions concerning the survey programme(chapter 5 in both annexes);
o addition of a new annex 9 (Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of enhanced surveys for bulk carriers – Periodical survey) to Annex A; and
o addition of a new annex 11 (Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of enhanced surveys for oil tankers – Periodical survey) to Annex B.
4.2 1997 amendments
29 The 1997 SOLAS Conference adopted a second set of amendments through Conference
Resolution 2 which entered into force on 1 July 1999.
30 The amendments concerned mainly Annex A and entailed changes, inter-alia, to the
provisions regarding corrosion prevention systems, protective coating and checking of hatch covers. The provisions for the examination of cargo holds were expanded significantly, introducing gradually differing requirements according to the age of the relevant bulk carriers. A new section 6 on prompt and thorough repairs of bulk carriers relative to damages and wastage in cargo holds was inserted and existing annex 1 on requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys was amended. Furthermore, a new annex 10 on requirements for extent of thickness measurement at those areas of substantial corrosion - periodical survey of bulk carriers within the
cargo area was added.
31 The amendments to Annex B were restricted to aligning the text with that of Annex A by introducing the same provisions regarding corrosion prevention systems and protective coating.
4.3 2000 amendments
32 Resolution MSC.105(73), containing the third set of amendments to the Guidelines, was adopted by the MSC on 5 December 2000 and is expected to enter into force on 1 July 2002.
-------------------------------------------------------------
3 A consolidated text of the Guidelines, containing all amendments adopted up to and including December 2000 was issued as an IMO publication (sales no. IMO-265) in 2001.
----------------------------------------------------------
33 The 2000 amendments concerned mainly Annex B and were dealing with the evaluation
of the ship’s longitudinal strength. Relevant new provisions were included in section 8, annex 9 on the condition evaluation report was expanded to include a new section on the evaluation result of longitudinal strength of the hull girder of oil tankers of 130 m in length and upwards and over 10 years of age and a new annex 12 on criteria for longitudinal strength of hull girder for oil tankers was added.
34 In both annexes, i.e. applying to bulk carriers and oil tankers, section 2 was amended to include a requirement for ships of 15 years of age and over to have all inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom with the ship in dry dock.
35 MSC 73 also adopted resolution MSC.108(73) - Recommendation on compliance with
the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1.1 of annex 12 to Annex B to the Guidelines. It urges Governments to ensure that the actual transverse section modulus of the hull girder of oil tankers, calculated under paragraph 2.2.1.1 of annex 12 to Annex B to the Guidelines, is not less than 90% of the required section modulus for new buildings specified in IACS' Unified Requirements, whether or not they are classed with a classification society being a member of IACS.
4.4 2002 amendments
36 MSC 75 in May 2002 is expected to adopt the next set of amendments, prepared by
DE 44 and circulated by the Secretary-General in accordance with SOLAS article VIII. The amendments, which are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2004, align the provisions of the Guidelines with IACS Unified Requirements Z10.14 and Z10.25 and concern, inter-alia, the following:
.1 Annex A
o addition of definitions for prompt and thorough repair and Convention;
o section 1.3 “Scope of surveys” replaced by a new section “Repairs”;
o addition of new paragraph 3.6 on additional annual survey of the foremost cargo hold of ships subject to regulation XII/9.1 of the Convention in accordance with the requirements of annex 12;
o section 4 on the intermediate enhanced survey replaced in its entirety;
o changes to section 8 on procedures for thickness measurement;
o changes to the table “Extract of thickness measurements” in annex 7;
o addition of two new appendices to annex 8 (Appendix 4 - Ore carriers – Thickness
measurement and typical transverse section indicating longitudinal and transverse
members and Appendix 5 - Ore carriers – Thickness measurements and close-up surrey
requirements); and
o addition of two new annexes (Annex 11 - Guidelines for the gauging of the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkhead between holds nos.1 and 2 and Annex 12 - Additional annual survey requirements for the foremost cargo hold of ships subject to SOLAS regulation XII/9.1);
.2 Annex B
o addition of a definition for prompt and thorough repair;
o section 1.3 “Scope of surveys” replaced by a new section “Repairs”;
o changes to paragraph 2.5.1 concerning piping systems;
----------------------------------------------------------------
4 IACS Unified Requirement Z10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers”
5 IACS Unified Requirement Z10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk carriers”
-----------------------------------------------------------------
o addition of new paragraph 3.5.3 concerning examination of ballast tanks adjacent to a cargo tank;
o section 4 on the intermediate enhanced survey replaced in its entirety; and
o changes to section 7 on procedures for thickness measurement.
5 Future developments
37 Both the DE and FSI Sub-Committee are currently developing further amendments to
resolution A.744, following relevant instructions by the MSC.
38 The DE Sub-Committee was instructed to deal with the following subject matters:
o detailed consideration of introducing and incorporating relevant elements and provisions of the Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) (resolution MEPC.94(46)), adopted by MEPC 46 in the context of revised MARPOL regulation I/13g (resolution MEPC.95(46)), into resolution A.744(18);
o development of guidelines on proper sampling methods of thickness measurements for
ship’s longitudinal strength evaluation of aged tankers;
o consideration of several issues earmarked by FSI 9 for consideration by the Sub-
Committee, including:
o inclusion, in survey reports, of a clear description of which compartments of the
ship were surveyed, which structural elements were surveyed within each
compartment and what type of survey (“overall” or “close-up”) was done;
o inclusion, in survey reports, of a clear description of the condition of each
individual structural element surveyed, including, where relevant, a clear
identification of which items require specific types of repair;
o development of a standard terminology to accurately describe the seriousness and
extent of problems/defects identified during surveys; and
o problems arising from surveys being “split” between two or more survey stations.
39 The FSI Sub-Committee is currently considering the following matters regarding
resolution A.744:
o introduction of numbered lists of items identified as needing repairs by the surveyor,
o planning of all repairs of items relevant to the structural integrity of a ship beforehand in co-operation with a surveyor from the classification society and, when carried out, inspection and approval by a surveyor; and
o Head Office authorization for deferring any repair previously required by another
surveyor, such decision not to be left to the discretion of the (last) surveyor alone. IACS is currently identifying best practices amongst its Members with regard to the above mentioned issues in order to harmonize reporting practices in this area and will keep IMO informed on developments. ___________
For ship constructed : ON or AFTER 25-05-1980
SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION GUIDELINES ON THE ENHANCED PROGRAMME OF INSPECTIONS DURING
SURVEYS OF BULK CARRIERS AND OIL TANKERS
(IMO RESOLUTION A.744(18), AS AMENDED)
AN OVERVIEW by Dr. Heike Hoppe
Technical Officer, IMO
January 2002
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IMO or its Secretariat. P:\documents\HeikeA744.doc
1 Introduction
1 The Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers (resolution A.744(18)), hereinafter called “the Guidelines”, were adopted by the 18th session of the IMO Assembly in November 1993. The intention of the Guidelines is to ensure that an appropriate level of review of plans and documents during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers is conducted and consistency in their application is achieved. The evaluation of survey reports, survey programmes, planning documents, etc., should be carried out at the
managerial level of the responsible maritime Administration or organization recognized by the Administration.
2 The Guidelines are divided into two annexes:
.1 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk
carriers (Annex A); and
.2 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of oil
tankers (Annex B).
3 The Guidelines are mandatory under SOLAS regulation XI/2 for bulk carriers as defined in SOLAS regulation IX/1.61 and oil tankers as defined in SOLAS regulation II-1/2.122. The regulation requires that bulk carriers and oil tankers as defined in SOLAS shall be subject to an enhanced programme of inspections in accordance with the Guidelines, as may be amended (seeparagraph 7 below).
2 Background
4 At the 60th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 60) in April 1992, the
Japanese delegation, drawing the attention of the Committee to the urgent need to develop guidelines for an enhanced programme of surveys and inspections of oil tankers in pursuance of regulation 13G(3) of MARPOL 73/78 and of bulk carriers, pursuant to resolution A.713(17) on Safety of ships carrying solid bulk cargoes, proposed the establishment of a joint MSC/MEPC working group on enhanced surveys and inspections. The joint working group was first convened at the 33rd session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 33) and continued its work at MSC 61.
5 MSC 62 in May 1993 approved the final draft of the Guidelines and agreed that a single Assembly resolution should cover both bulk carrier and oil tanker guidelines. MEPC 34 was requested to further review the Guidelines before submission to A 18 for adoption. The Committee also agreed that the Guidelines should be mandatory under SOLAS and approved relevant draft amendments to the Convention for submission to the 1994 SOLAS Conference for further consideration.
6 The 18th IMO Assembly in November 1993 eventually adopted resolution A.744(18) on
Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk carriers and oil tankers, inviting Governments to apply the Guidelines as soon as possible to all bulk carriers and oil tankers respectively and requesting the MSC and the MEPC to keep them under review and update them as necessary, in the light of experience gained in their application.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Bulk carrier means a ship which is constructed generally with single deck, top-side tanks and hopper side
tanks in cargo spaces, and is intended to primarily carry dry cargo in bulk, and includes such types as ore carriers
and combination carriers.
2 An oil tanker is the oil tanker defined in regulation 1 of annex I of MARPOL 73/78 as follows: Oil tanker
means a ship constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil in bulk in its cargo spaces and includes combination
carriers and any “chemical tanker” as defined in Annex II of the present Convention when it is carrying a cargo or
part cargo of oil in bulk.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 The 1994 SOLAS Conference adopted new SOLAS chapter XI on Special measures to
enhance maritime safety (Conference resolution 1, annex 1), thereby making resolution
A.744(18), as may be amended, mandatory through regulation XI/2 which reads as follows: “Enhanced surveys Bulk carriers as defined in regulation IX/1.6 and oil tankers as defined in regulation II-1/2.12 shall be subject to an enhanced programme of inspections in accordance with the guidelines adopted by the Assembly of the Organization by resolution A.744(18), as may be amended by the Organization, provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the present Convention concerning the amendment procedures applicable to the annex other than chapter I.”
8 In this connection, the 1994 SOLAS Conference also adopted special provisions for
amending SOLAS chapter XI (Conference resolution 5 - Future amendments to chapter XI of the 1974 SOLAS Convention on special measures to enhance maritime safety), taking into account that the measures now included in chapter XI were of a very special nature to enhance maritime safety and that it was undesirable to frequently amend the provisions. The Conference therefore recommended that future amendments to chapter XI should only be adopted by a Conference of Contracting Governments to SOLAS in accordance with the provisions of article VIII(c) of the Convention.
3 Contents of the Guidelines
9 The contents of the Guidelines as described in the following include the amendments in force on 1 January 2002, i.e. the 1996 and 1997 amendments (for more details on those amendments refer to section 4).
3.1 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of bulk
carriers (Annex A)
10 The Guidelines start of with a general chapter on application, definitions and scope of surveys. It stipulates that the Guidelines should apply to surveys of hull structure and piping systems in way of cargo holds, cofferdams, pipe tunnels, void spaces within the cargo length area and all ballast tanks and that the surveys should be carried out during the surveys prescribed by the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended. Prior to inspection the surveyor should examine the completeness of documentation on board and its contents as a basis for the survey. When a
survey results in the identification of significant corrosion or of significant structural defects which, in the opinion of the surveyor, will impair the structural integrity of the ship, then remedial action, in consultation with the Administration should be agreed and implemented before the ship continues in service.
11 Chapter 2 deals with the enhanced survey carried out during the periodical survey. It starts with general provisions on timing and conduct of the enhanced survey, continues with detailed requirements for dry-dock surveys, space protection, inspections of hatch covers and coamings and goes on to explain the extent of overall and close-up surveys, thickness measurements and tank pressure testing.
12 Chapter 3 talks about the enhanced survey carried out during the annual survey, for the purpose of ensuring, as far as practicable, that the hull, hatch covers, coamings and piping are maintained in a satisfactory condition. It also includes provisions on the examination of cargo holds and ballast tanks.
13 The intermediate enhanced survey is the subject of chapter 4, concerning those items which are additional to the requirements of the annual survey and may be surveyed either at the second or third annual survey or between these surveys. It has requirements for the survey of ballast tanks and cargo holds and the extent of thickness measurements.
14 Chapter 5 deals with preparations for survey, in particular the survey programme, the conditions for survey, access to structures, equipment for survey and the conduct of surveys at sea or at anchorage.
15 Chapter 6 contains provisions for prompt and thorough repairs of bulk carriers relative to damages and wastage in cargo holds, requesting that any damage or excessive wastage beyond allowable limits to side shell frames, their end attachments and/or adjacent shell plating, and deck structure and deck plating between hatches, watertight bulkheads and hatch covers and hatch coamings that affect the structural strength or integrity of the hull of the vessel, is to be
promptly and thoroughly repaired.
16 The on-board documentation to be supplied and maintained by the owner and to be
made available to the surveyor is specified in chapter 7. It contains requirements for the survey report file, supporting documents and the review of documentation on board by the surveyor.
17 Chapter 8 is dedicated to procedures for thickness measurements, including general
requirements and special provisions regarding the certification of thickness measurement company and the preparation of the thickness measurement report.
18 Reporting and evaluation of survey are dealt with in chapter 9, stating that the data and information on the structural condition of the ship collected during the survey should be evaluated for acceptability and continued structural integrity of the ship and that a condition evaluation report of the survey and results should be issued to the owner.
19 Specific requirements for particular provisions of Annex A of the Guidelines are
contained in annexes as follows:
o Annex 1 Requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys
o Annex 2 Requirements for thickness measurements at periodical surveys
o Annex 3 Owner's inspection report
o Annex 4 Principles for planning document
o Annex 5 Procedures for certification of a company engaged in thickness
measurements of hull structures
o Annex 6 Reporting principles
o Annex 7 Condition evaluation report
o Annex 8 Recommended procedures for thickness measurements
o Appendix 1 General particulars
o Appendix 2 Reports on thickness measurement
o Appendix 3 Guidance on thickness measurement
o Annex 9 Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of
enhanced survey for bulk carriers
o Annex 10 Requirements for extent of thickness measurement at those areas of
substantial corrosion. Periodical survey of bulk carriers within the cargo area
3.2 Guidelines on the enhanced programme of inspections during surveys of oil tankers
(Annex B)
20 The Guidelines start with a general chapter on application, definitions and scope of surveys. It stipulates that the Guidelines should apply to all oil tankers of 500 tons gross tonnage and above, otherwise the same provisions as in Annex A apply.
21 Chapter 2 deals with the enhanced survey carried out during the periodical survey. It starts with general provisions on timing and conduct of the enhanced survey, continues with detailed requirements for dry-dock surveys and inspection of tank corrosion prevention systems and goes on to explain the extent of overall and close-up surveys, thickness measurements and tank pressure testing.
22 Chapter 3 talks about the enhanced survey carried out during the annual survey, for the purpose of ensuring, as far as practicable, that the hull, weather decks, cargo pump-rooms and pipe tunnels are maintained in a satisfactory condition. It also includes provisions on the examination of ballast tanks.
23 The intermediate enhanced survey is the subject of chapter 4, concerning those items which are additional to the requirements of the annual survey and may be surveyed either at the second or third annual survey or between these surveys. It has requirements for the survey of oil tankers over 5 years of age but not more than 10 years of age and oil tankers over 10 years of age and also for the extent of thickness measurements.
24 Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 are very similar to chapters 5, 7, 8 and 9 of Annex A, dealing with preparations for survey, documentation on board, procedures for thickness measurements and reporting and evaluation of survey.
25 Specific requirements for particular provisions of Annex B of the Guidelines are
contained in annexes as follows:
o Annex 1 Requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys
o Annex 2 Requirements for thickness measurements at periodical surveys
o Annex 3 Requirements for tank pressure testing at periodical surveys
o Annex 4 Requirements for extent of thickness measurements at areas of
substantial corrosion. Periodical survey within the cargo area
o Annex 5 Owner's inspection report
o Annex 6 Principles for planning document
o Annex 7 Procedures for certification of a company engaged in thickness
measurements of hull structures
o Annex 8 Reporting principles
o Annex 9 Condition evaluation report
o Annex 10 Recommended procedures for thickness measurements
o Appendix 1 General particulars
o Appendix 2 Reports on thickness measurement
o Appendix 3 Guidance on thickness measurement
o Annex 11 Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of
enhanced survey for oil tankers
4 Amendments to the Guidelines3
26 Since the Guidelines are mandatory under SOLAS (see paragraphs 3 and 7 above),
amendments have to follow the procedures outlined in article VIII(b) and regulation XI/2 of the SOLAS Convention. This concerns in particular the proposal and circulation of draft amendments, their adoption, the dates of their acceptance and their entry into force and the circulation of certified texts of the amendments after adoption.
27 Since their adoption in 1993 the Guidelines have been extensively amended and further amendments, prepared by the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Equipment (DE), are currently in the pipeline (see section 4.4 below). The following amendments are in force or will be entering into force in the near future.
4.1 1996 amendments
28 Resolution MSC.49(66), containing the first set of amendments to the Guidelines, was adopted by the MSC on 4 June 1996 and entered into force on 1 July 1998. The amendments concerned both annexes to the resolution (i.e. applied to bulk carriers and oil tankers) as follows:
o introduction of changes and additions to the provisions concerning the survey programme(chapter 5 in both annexes);
o addition of a new annex 9 (Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of enhanced surveys for bulk carriers – Periodical survey) to Annex A; and
o addition of a new annex 11 (Guidelines for technical assessment in conjunction with the planning of enhanced surveys for oil tankers – Periodical survey) to Annex B.
4.2 1997 amendments
29 The 1997 SOLAS Conference adopted a second set of amendments through Conference
Resolution 2 which entered into force on 1 July 1999.
30 The amendments concerned mainly Annex A and entailed changes, inter-alia, to the
provisions regarding corrosion prevention systems, protective coating and checking of hatch covers. The provisions for the examination of cargo holds were expanded significantly, introducing gradually differing requirements according to the age of the relevant bulk carriers. A new section 6 on prompt and thorough repairs of bulk carriers relative to damages and wastage in cargo holds was inserted and existing annex 1 on requirements for close-up survey at periodical surveys was amended. Furthermore, a new annex 10 on requirements for extent of thickness measurement at those areas of substantial corrosion - periodical survey of bulk carriers within the
cargo area was added.
31 The amendments to Annex B were restricted to aligning the text with that of Annex A by introducing the same provisions regarding corrosion prevention systems and protective coating.
4.3 2000 amendments
32 Resolution MSC.105(73), containing the third set of amendments to the Guidelines, was adopted by the MSC on 5 December 2000 and is expected to enter into force on 1 July 2002.
-------------------------------------------------------------
3 A consolidated text of the Guidelines, containing all amendments adopted up to and including December 2000 was issued as an IMO publication (sales no. IMO-265) in 2001.
----------------------------------------------------------
33 The 2000 amendments concerned mainly Annex B and were dealing with the evaluation
of the ship’s longitudinal strength. Relevant new provisions were included in section 8, annex 9 on the condition evaluation report was expanded to include a new section on the evaluation result of longitudinal strength of the hull girder of oil tankers of 130 m in length and upwards and over 10 years of age and a new annex 12 on criteria for longitudinal strength of hull girder for oil tankers was added.
34 In both annexes, i.e. applying to bulk carriers and oil tankers, section 2 was amended to include a requirement for ships of 15 years of age and over to have all inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom with the ship in dry dock.
35 MSC 73 also adopted resolution MSC.108(73) - Recommendation on compliance with
the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1.1 of annex 12 to Annex B to the Guidelines. It urges Governments to ensure that the actual transverse section modulus of the hull girder of oil tankers, calculated under paragraph 2.2.1.1 of annex 12 to Annex B to the Guidelines, is not less than 90% of the required section modulus for new buildings specified in IACS' Unified Requirements, whether or not they are classed with a classification society being a member of IACS.
4.4 2002 amendments
36 MSC 75 in May 2002 is expected to adopt the next set of amendments, prepared by
DE 44 and circulated by the Secretary-General in accordance with SOLAS article VIII. The amendments, which are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2004, align the provisions of the Guidelines with IACS Unified Requirements Z10.14 and Z10.25 and concern, inter-alia, the following:
.1 Annex A
o addition of definitions for prompt and thorough repair and Convention;
o section 1.3 “Scope of surveys” replaced by a new section “Repairs”;
o addition of new paragraph 3.6 on additional annual survey of the foremost cargo hold of ships subject to regulation XII/9.1 of the Convention in accordance with the requirements of annex 12;
o section 4 on the intermediate enhanced survey replaced in its entirety;
o changes to section 8 on procedures for thickness measurement;
o changes to the table “Extract of thickness measurements” in annex 7;
o addition of two new appendices to annex 8 (Appendix 4 - Ore carriers – Thickness
measurement and typical transverse section indicating longitudinal and transverse
members and Appendix 5 - Ore carriers – Thickness measurements and close-up surrey
requirements); and
o addition of two new annexes (Annex 11 - Guidelines for the gauging of the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkhead between holds nos.1 and 2 and Annex 12 - Additional annual survey requirements for the foremost cargo hold of ships subject to SOLAS regulation XII/9.1);
.2 Annex B
o addition of a definition for prompt and thorough repair;
o section 1.3 “Scope of surveys” replaced by a new section “Repairs”;
o changes to paragraph 2.5.1 concerning piping systems;
----------------------------------------------------------------
4 IACS Unified Requirement Z10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers”
5 IACS Unified Requirement Z10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk carriers”
-----------------------------------------------------------------
o addition of new paragraph 3.5.3 concerning examination of ballast tanks adjacent to a cargo tank;
o section 4 on the intermediate enhanced survey replaced in its entirety; and
o changes to section 7 on procedures for thickness measurement.
5 Future developments
37 Both the DE and FSI Sub-Committee are currently developing further amendments to
resolution A.744, following relevant instructions by the MSC.
38 The DE Sub-Committee was instructed to deal with the following subject matters:
o detailed consideration of introducing and incorporating relevant elements and provisions of the Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) (resolution MEPC.94(46)), adopted by MEPC 46 in the context of revised MARPOL regulation I/13g (resolution MEPC.95(46)), into resolution A.744(18);
o development of guidelines on proper sampling methods of thickness measurements for
ship’s longitudinal strength evaluation of aged tankers;
o consideration of several issues earmarked by FSI 9 for consideration by the Sub-
Committee, including:
o inclusion, in survey reports, of a clear description of which compartments of the
ship were surveyed, which structural elements were surveyed within each
compartment and what type of survey (“overall” or “close-up”) was done;
o inclusion, in survey reports, of a clear description of the condition of each
individual structural element surveyed, including, where relevant, a clear
identification of which items require specific types of repair;
o development of a standard terminology to accurately describe the seriousness and
extent of problems/defects identified during surveys; and
o problems arising from surveys being “split” between two or more survey stations.
39 The FSI Sub-Committee is currently considering the following matters regarding
resolution A.744:
o introduction of numbered lists of items identified as needing repairs by the surveyor,
o planning of all repairs of items relevant to the structural integrity of a ship beforehand in co-operation with a surveyor from the classification society and, when carried out, inspection and approval by a surveyor; and
o Head Office authorization for deferring any repair previously required by another
surveyor, such decision not to be left to the discretion of the (last) surveyor alone. IACS is currently identifying best practices amongst its Members with regard to the above mentioned issues in order to harmonize reporting practices in this area and will keep IMO informed on developments. ___________
Thursday, March 25, 2010
The list of PANAMA approved P and I Clubs/Insurers
Ref cir No . :: Panama Marchant Marine Cir 202
The list of approved P and I Clubs/Insurers is as follows:
• AEGIS London
• Aigaion Insurance Company S.A.
• Alandia Marine
• Alfa Strakhovanie
• American Steamship Owners Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association, Inc
• Argenta Syndicate Management Limited
• Assuranceforeningen Gard
• Assuranceforeningen Skuld
• Astra Asigurari S.A.
• Atrium Underwriters Limited
• Beazley P&I Club
• Brit Insurance Holdings PLC
• British European & Overseas P&I
• British Marine Luxembourg S.A.
• Canopius Managing Agents Syndicate
• Catlin Underwriting Agencies Limited
• Chaucer Syndicate Limited
• Charterers P&I Club
• China Shipowners Mutual Assurance Association
• Chubb Group of Insurance Companies
• Chubb Insurance Company of Canada
• Coastal Marine Mutual Association Ltd.
• Gard P&I (Bermida) Ltd
• Hans Van Berghem
• Hanseatic P&I
• Hiscox Syndicate Limited
• Ingosstrakh Ltd.
• Insurance Company Scandinavia
• InterCoastal Shipowners’ P&I B.V.
• Investflot Insurance Company
• JSC Rosgosstrakh
• Korea P&I Club (The Korea Shipowner’s Mutual Protection & Indemnity
Association)
• Korea Shipping Association
• Liberty Sindicate Management Limited
• Maritime Mutual Insurance Association (NZ) Limited
• Military Insurance Company
• Navigators P&I
• Noord Nederlandsche
• North Netherlands Protection & Indemnity Association
• Osprey Underwriting Agency Limited
• Post and Co.
• Progress – Garant (as part of Allianz)
• QBE Insurance Group Limited
• Russian Insurance Centre
• Raetsmarine Insurance B.V.
• Russian P&I Pool
• Safeguard Guarantee Company Ltd
• Skuld Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association (Bermuda) Ltd.
• Soglassye Insurance Company
• SOVAG Schwarzmeer und Ostsee Versicherung AG
• Star Underwriting Agents Limited
• Suderland Marine Mutual Insurance Company Limited
• Sveriges Angfartygs Assurans Förening (Swedish Club)
• Talbot Underwriting Limited
• The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Limited
• The Japan Ship Owners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association
• The London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association Ltd
• The North of England Protecting & Indemnity Association Ltd
• The Shipowners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association (Luxembourg)
• The South of England Management AG
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection & Indemnity Association
(Bermuda) Limited
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association
(Europe) Ltd.
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association
(London) Ltd.
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association (Asia)
Ltd.
• The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Limited
• The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association Ltd.
• United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited
• United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Europe) Ltd.
• The West of England Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Association (Luxembourg)
• United Insurance Company of Vietnam
• Water Quality Insurance Syndicate
• Zurich North America
***The P and I Clubs/Insurers that are not listed and wish to be approved by the Panama Maritime Authority, may apply by sending a written request to:
General Directorate of Merchant Marine
Panama Maritime Authority
Edificio PanCanal Plaza, Albrook
P.O. Box 0843-0533
Balboa, Ancón
Phone: +507 501-5106
Fax: +507 501-5007
***The Panama Maritime Authority will issue Bunker Convention Certificates to ships
flagged in States not party to the Convention.
March, 2009
July, 2009
August, 2009
November, 2009
January, 2010 - Changes in paragraph 5
February, 2010 - Changes in paragraph 5
Inquiries concerning the subject of this Circular or any request should be directed to:
Directorate General of Merchant Marine
Panama Maritime Authority
Phone: (507) 501-5348
The list of approved P and I Clubs/Insurers is as follows:
• AEGIS London
• Aigaion Insurance Company S.A.
• Alandia Marine
• Alfa Strakhovanie
• American Steamship Owners Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association, Inc
• Argenta Syndicate Management Limited
• Assuranceforeningen Gard
• Assuranceforeningen Skuld
• Astra Asigurari S.A.
• Atrium Underwriters Limited
• Beazley P&I Club
• Brit Insurance Holdings PLC
• British European & Overseas P&I
• British Marine Luxembourg S.A.
• Canopius Managing Agents Syndicate
• Catlin Underwriting Agencies Limited
• Chaucer Syndicate Limited
• Charterers P&I Club
• China Shipowners Mutual Assurance Association
• Chubb Group of Insurance Companies
• Chubb Insurance Company of Canada
• Coastal Marine Mutual Association Ltd.
• Gard P&I (Bermida) Ltd
• Hans Van Berghem
• Hanseatic P&I
• Hiscox Syndicate Limited
• Ingosstrakh Ltd.
• Insurance Company Scandinavia
• InterCoastal Shipowners’ P&I B.V.
• Investflot Insurance Company
• JSC Rosgosstrakh
• Korea P&I Club (The Korea Shipowner’s Mutual Protection & Indemnity
Association)
• Korea Shipping Association
• Liberty Sindicate Management Limited
• Maritime Mutual Insurance Association (NZ) Limited
• Military Insurance Company
• Navigators P&I
• Noord Nederlandsche
• North Netherlands Protection & Indemnity Association
• Osprey Underwriting Agency Limited
• Post and Co.
• Progress – Garant (as part of Allianz)
• QBE Insurance Group Limited
• Russian Insurance Centre
• Raetsmarine Insurance B.V.
• Russian P&I Pool
• Safeguard Guarantee Company Ltd
• Skuld Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association (Bermuda) Ltd.
• Soglassye Insurance Company
• SOVAG Schwarzmeer und Ostsee Versicherung AG
• Star Underwriting Agents Limited
• Suderland Marine Mutual Insurance Company Limited
• Sveriges Angfartygs Assurans Förening (Swedish Club)
• Talbot Underwriting Limited
• The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Limited
• The Japan Ship Owners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association
• The London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association Ltd
• The North of England Protecting & Indemnity Association Ltd
• The Shipowners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association (Luxembourg)
• The South of England Management AG
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection & Indemnity Association
(Bermuda) Limited
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association
(Europe) Ltd.
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association
(London) Ltd.
• The Standard Steamship Owners’ Protection and Indemnity Association (Asia)
Ltd.
• The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Limited
• The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association Ltd.
• United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited
• United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Europe) Ltd.
• The West of England Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Association (Luxembourg)
• United Insurance Company of Vietnam
• Water Quality Insurance Syndicate
• Zurich North America
***The P and I Clubs/Insurers that are not listed and wish to be approved by the Panama Maritime Authority, may apply by sending a written request to:
General Directorate of Merchant Marine
Panama Maritime Authority
Edificio PanCanal Plaza, Albrook
P.O. Box 0843-0533
Balboa, Ancón
Phone: +507 501-5106
Fax: +507 501-5007
***The Panama Maritime Authority will issue Bunker Convention Certificates to ships
flagged in States not party to the Convention.
March, 2009
July, 2009
August, 2009
November, 2009
January, 2010 - Changes in paragraph 5
February, 2010 - Changes in paragraph 5
Inquiries concerning the subject of this Circular or any request should be directed to:
Directorate General of Merchant Marine
Panama Maritime Authority
Phone: (507) 501-5348
PANAMA AA (ACCOUNTING AUTHORITY)
LISTADO DE LAS AUTORIDADES DE CUENTA DE RADIO RECONOCIDAS POR PANAMA
1. (PG02) PANAMA SHIPPING CONSULTANTS , INC.-
OFFICE A, 3RD FLOOR, ETON
BUILDING, 288, DES VOEUX
ROAD, C HONG KONG
Fax: (00852) 28153275 Tel: (00852) 25438848
E-mail: shipreg@netvigator.com
2. (PG03) MARITIME SATELLITE
COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(MARSATCO)50th Street. Global Plaza
20”Floor, Suite E P.O Box0834-02760,
Panamá Rep. Panamá
TEL (507) 213 2265/2266
FAX (507) 213 2262
E-mail: marsatco@cvpanama.net
3. (PG04) INTER-MAR RADIO, INC.
P.O. BOX 2095, BALBOA, ANCON,
REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 269-5834/269-5097
Fax. (507) 269-4606/269-5679
Tlx. 2515 “ANCHOR PG”
E-mail: anchor@panamet.com
4. (PG05) INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COMMUNICATIONS
CO. (I.M.C.O.)AVE. JUSTO AROSEMENA Y CALLE 32 ESTE
NO. 3-32 EDIFICIO PADILLA Y ASOCIADOS
APTO 507 POSTAL 8301, PANAMÁ 7, PANAMÁ
Tel. 227-1082/227-2483 Fax 227-1146 E-mail: imco@sinfo.net
5. (PG06.) SHIPPING RADIO AND MANAGEMENT
INTERNATIONAL INC.
AVENIDA SAMUEL LEWIS,
Edificio Comosa, 1er Piso•PO. BOX 0823-03939,
Tel. (507) 2647504 /2693517
Fax. (507) 2693510
E-mail: info@shippingradio.com
6. (PG08) OFFSHORE SATELLITE INTERNATIONAL
(O.S.I.) S.A.
EDIFICIO COMOSA PISO 4TO, SAMUEL LEWIS
PANAMÁ 9, PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 263 4670 Fax (507) 263 4667
E-Mail Osipty@sinfo.net
7. (PG09) PANAMA MARINE COMPANY INC.
Torre Dresdner, 5to piso calle 50 y 55 este
Ciudad de Panamá, Republica de Panamá
Tel: (507) 269-0166 FAX: (507) 269-4991
E: Mail: cgmvlaw@pan.gbm-net
8- (PG10 ) CABLE & WIRELESS PANAMA, S.A.
Apartado 0834-00659
República de Panamá
TEL- (507)2642163
Fax-(507)264-0195
9. (PG12) ISTHMIAN REGISTER BUREAU, INC.
Edificio Banco Exterior
Piso 12, calle Colombia y Calle 43,
Bella Vista, Panamá
Tel. (507) 227-7791/7792 Fax (507) 227-7793
26-05-08
10. (PG13) INTERNATIONAL REGISTRIES &
DOCUMENTATION INC.
ROOM 1606, BONHAM TRADE CENTRE,
50 BONHAM STRAND EAST , HONG KONG
11. (PG14 ) FALCON ELECTRONICS WILLIANSON PLACE BLDG. 750 A
LA BOCA, BALBOA, ANCÓN.
REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 211–2883/84
12. (PG15) SATLINK PANAMA INC.
Williamson Place N0. 0752B La Boca, Ancon
Panamá Rep. Panamá
TEL: (507)228 0399
Fax (507)2289331
Cel: (507)617 2591
e-mail: navstar @sinfo.net
13. (PG16) WORLD MARITIME COMMUNICATION, S.A.
Avenida OMAR TORRIJOS HERRERA
ALBROOK, EDIFICIO PAN CANAL PLAZA
OFICINA 104 P.O. BOX 0834-02764,ZONA 9-A
TEL- 315-1104- FAX 315-1671
E-mail: info@panamamaritimelawyers.com
Representante: Panamá Marítima Lawyers
14. (AA01) AWA ELECTRONIC SERVICES
P.O. Box 94 Kingsgrove NSW 2208 (Australia)
Tel. 0061 2 95549344 Tlx. AA 24493
Fax. 0061 2 9554-9599
Email jim.murphy@awamarine.com.au
15. (BE02) MARLINK, S.A.
78-80 AVENUE GUILLAUME
HERINCKXLAAN B-1180
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
0032 2 370 5481 Fax: 0032 2 332 3327
Tlx: 61823
E-mail B.Henry@Brussels.saitRh.com
16. (BN01) BATELCO
P.O. BOX 14, MANAMA, BAHRAIN
Tel. Office: 00973 883546
Fax. 00 973 242676/Tlx. 8221 Bahrad BN
E-mail: bn01@btc.com.bh
17. (CY03) TELACCOUNT OVERSEAS LIMITED
P.O.BOX 127, CY- 3601, LIMASSOL, CYPRUS
Tel. : (00357) 5-365264
Fax : (00357) 5-348361
18. (DP02) DEBEG GmbH
FUNKVERKEHRSABRECHNUNG
BEHRINGSTRABE 120 D-2000 HAMBURG 50,
POSTFACH 50 03 29, ALEMANIA
Tel : 0049 40 8825-2026 Telex: 211925
Fax : 0049 40 8825-4199
26-05-08
19 (DP03) VIZADA GMBH
Hochstadenirng 50, D 53119 Bonn, Germany
Tel : 49 (228) 72 19 27 27
Fax: 49 (228) 72 19 27 29
E-mail: tilmann.michalke@vizada.com
20 (GB05) ANDTELCO
TANNERS BANK, NORTH SHIELDS,
TYNE & WEAR NE30 1JH
UNITED KINGDOM
21. (GB08) SELEX COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED
Lambda House Christopher Martin Road
Basildo Essex SS14 3EL
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1268 82 3523
Fax:+44 (0) 1268 82 3494
E-mail: marine-airtime @selex-comms.com,
Mike.johnson@selex-comms.com
22. (GB11) NERA SATELLITE SERVICES LIMITED.
6 WELLS PLACE, GATTON PARK BUSINESS CENTRE,
REDHILL RH1 3DR, ENGLAND
Tel: 0044-1737648 800 Tlx: 946384
Fax: 0044-1737648 888
23. (GK12) ANDGATE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
P.O. BOX 399, SUITE 52, VICTORIA HOUSE
26 MAIN STREET, GIBRALTAR
Tel : 76761/78880 Tlx. 2310
Fax: 00350 73888
E- mail: Debbbie.attwell@A-N-D.co.uk
24. (GR01) SATELLITE AND MARITIME
TELECOMMUNICATIONS S.A.
(OTESAT-MARITEL)
8 Aegaleo street GR 185 45, Piraeus
ATHENS, GREECE
Tel : 0030 210-4599500
Fax: 0030 210-4599600
25. (GR05) HELLENIC RADIO SERVICES S.A.
14, SKOUZE STREET, 18536,
PIREO, GRECIA.
TEL. 2104181218-19-26-27
FAX. 2104282883/ 2104181079
TELEX. 241469 HRS GR
EMAIL: hrs05@otenet.gr
26. (HX08) MARINE RADIO SYSTEMS, LTD.
6TH FLOOR, HENAN ELECTRIC
DEVELOPMENT BUILDING
389 KING S ROAD, NORTH POINT, HONG KONG
Tel : 00852 25786289 Tlx.- 66338
Fax: 00852 28879144
Email- svgmafe@netvigator.com
26-05-08
27. (IU03) COMPAGNIA GENERALE TELEMAR
VIALE TIZIANO 19, 00196,
ROMA, ITALIA
Tel: (0039)06 322 1800
Fax: (0039)06 324 0148/ Tlx. 611663
28. (JP02) JAPAN RADIO CO., LTD.
NITTOCHI NISHI-SHINJUKU BUILDING 10-1,
NISHI-SHINJUKU 6-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU,
TOKYO 160-8328, JAPAN
Telef. 0081-3-3584 8793 Tlx:242-5420
FAX 0081 3 3584 8796
E-MAIL: j02345@mljrc.co.jp
29. (JP03) KYORITSU RADIO SERVICE CO., LTD.
6TH FLOOR, SHIBA 2- CHOME
DAIMON BUILDING, 3-3, SHIBA 2-CHOME MINATO-KU
TOKYO 105-0014, JAPAN
Tel: 0081 3 5419 4770
Fax: 0081 3 3451 6175
E-mail: kyoristu@blue.ocn.ne.jp
30. (JP04) B.S. JAPAN CO., LTD.
3-8 NIHONBASHI 1- CHOME
CHUO- WARD, TOKYO 103-0027
Tel: 0081 3 3281 - 5261 Tlx : 252-2084
Fax: 0081 3 3281 - 5263,E-mail:bsjapan@sepia.ocn.ne.jp
31. (JP05) MOCOS JAPAN CO. LTD.
YUSEN BLDG. 3-9 KAIGANDORI
NAKA-KU, YOKOHAMA 231,-0002, JAPAN
Tel: 0081 45 671 8301/8302
Fax. 0081 45 671 8303/ Tlx. J47715
E-mail: mocos@msf.biglobe.ne.jp
32. (JP07) MARINE RADIO SERVICE, LTD.
J. NET BLDG. 7F.8-11-13, NISHI-GOTANDA, SHINAGAWA-KU
TOKYO 141-0031 JAPAN
TEL.-81-3-3437-5310
Fax-81-3437-5317
E-mail: tmrs@gmrs.jp
Representante Legal:Takayoshi Nazano (presidente yrepresentante)
33. (NL02) RADIO HOLLAND B.V.
POSTBUS 9094, 1006, AB
AMSTERDAM, HOLANDA
Tel: (020) 101972 Tlx: 13166
Fax: 0031 10 4281498
34. (US02) MACKAY COMMUNICATIONS, INC
PO. Box 58649
Raleigh, NC 27658 (U.S.A.)
Tel: 001 919 850 3039
Fax: 001 919 954 1707 Tlx. 4612018 E-mail: tia.epps@mackaycomm.com
26-05-08
35. (US03) RADIO HOLLAND USA, INC.
8943 GULF FREEWAY,
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77017
(U. S. A.)
Tel : 001 713 943 3325
Fax: 001 713 946 0403
E-mail: rhcomms@ix.netcom.com
36. (US06) GLOBE WIRELESS, LLC
1571 ROBERT J. CONLAN BLVD. PALM BAY,
FL 32905-3562 U.S.A.
Tel.-1-321-727-9766
Fax-1-321-727-9497
E-mail: info@globwirelss.com
1. (PG02) PANAMA SHIPPING CONSULTANTS , INC.-
OFFICE A, 3RD FLOOR, ETON
BUILDING, 288, DES VOEUX
ROAD, C HONG KONG
Fax: (00852) 28153275 Tel: (00852) 25438848
E-mail: shipreg@netvigator.com
2. (PG03) MARITIME SATELLITE
COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(MARSATCO)50th Street. Global Plaza
20”Floor, Suite E P.O Box0834-02760,
Panamá Rep. Panamá
TEL (507) 213 2265/2266
FAX (507) 213 2262
E-mail: marsatco@cvpanama.net
3. (PG04) INTER-MAR RADIO, INC.
P.O. BOX 2095, BALBOA, ANCON,
REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 269-5834/269-5097
Fax. (507) 269-4606/269-5679
Tlx. 2515 “ANCHOR PG”
E-mail: anchor@panamet.com
4. (PG05) INTERNATIONAL MARITIME COMMUNICATIONS
CO. (I.M.C.O.)AVE. JUSTO AROSEMENA Y CALLE 32 ESTE
NO. 3-32 EDIFICIO PADILLA Y ASOCIADOS
APTO 507 POSTAL 8301, PANAMÁ 7, PANAMÁ
Tel. 227-1082/227-2483 Fax 227-1146 E-mail: imco@sinfo.net
5. (PG06.) SHIPPING RADIO AND MANAGEMENT
INTERNATIONAL INC.
AVENIDA SAMUEL LEWIS,
Edificio Comosa, 1er Piso•PO. BOX 0823-03939,
Tel. (507) 2647504 /2693517
Fax. (507) 2693510
E-mail: info@shippingradio.com
6. (PG08) OFFSHORE SATELLITE INTERNATIONAL
(O.S.I.) S.A.
EDIFICIO COMOSA PISO 4TO, SAMUEL LEWIS
PANAMÁ 9, PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 263 4670 Fax (507) 263 4667
E-Mail Osipty@sinfo.net
7. (PG09) PANAMA MARINE COMPANY INC.
Torre Dresdner, 5to piso calle 50 y 55 este
Ciudad de Panamá, Republica de Panamá
Tel: (507) 269-0166 FAX: (507) 269-4991
E: Mail: cgmvlaw@pan.gbm-net
8- (PG10 ) CABLE & WIRELESS PANAMA, S.A.
Apartado 0834-00659
República de Panamá
TEL- (507)2642163
Fax-(507)264-0195
9. (PG12) ISTHMIAN REGISTER BUREAU, INC.
Edificio Banco Exterior
Piso 12, calle Colombia y Calle 43,
Bella Vista, Panamá
Tel. (507) 227-7791/7792 Fax (507) 227-7793
26-05-08
10. (PG13) INTERNATIONAL REGISTRIES &
DOCUMENTATION INC.
ROOM 1606, BONHAM TRADE CENTRE,
50 BONHAM STRAND EAST , HONG KONG
11. (PG14 ) FALCON ELECTRONICS WILLIANSON PLACE BLDG. 750 A
LA BOCA, BALBOA, ANCÓN.
REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ
Tel. (507) 211–2883/84
12. (PG15) SATLINK PANAMA INC.
Williamson Place N0. 0752B La Boca, Ancon
Panamá Rep. Panamá
TEL: (507)228 0399
Fax (507)2289331
Cel: (507)617 2591
e-mail: navstar @sinfo.net
13. (PG16) WORLD MARITIME COMMUNICATION, S.A.
Avenida OMAR TORRIJOS HERRERA
ALBROOK, EDIFICIO PAN CANAL PLAZA
OFICINA 104 P.O. BOX 0834-02764,ZONA 9-A
TEL- 315-1104- FAX 315-1671
E-mail: info@panamamaritimelawyers.com
Representante: Panamá Marítima Lawyers
14. (AA01) AWA ELECTRONIC SERVICES
P.O. Box 94 Kingsgrove NSW 2208 (Australia)
Tel. 0061 2 95549344 Tlx. AA 24493
Fax. 0061 2 9554-9599
Email jim.murphy@awamarine.com.au
15. (BE02) MARLINK, S.A.
78-80 AVENUE GUILLAUME
HERINCKXLAAN B-1180
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
0032 2 370 5481 Fax: 0032 2 332 3327
Tlx: 61823
E-mail B.Henry@Brussels.saitRh.com
16. (BN01) BATELCO
P.O. BOX 14, MANAMA, BAHRAIN
Tel. Office: 00973 883546
Fax. 00 973 242676/Tlx. 8221 Bahrad BN
E-mail: bn01@btc.com.bh
17. (CY03) TELACCOUNT OVERSEAS LIMITED
P.O.BOX 127, CY- 3601, LIMASSOL, CYPRUS
Tel. : (00357) 5-365264
Fax : (00357) 5-348361
18. (DP02) DEBEG GmbH
FUNKVERKEHRSABRECHNUNG
BEHRINGSTRABE 120 D-2000 HAMBURG 50,
POSTFACH 50 03 29, ALEMANIA
Tel : 0049 40 8825-2026 Telex: 211925
Fax : 0049 40 8825-4199
26-05-08
19 (DP03) VIZADA GMBH
Hochstadenirng 50, D 53119 Bonn, Germany
Tel : 49 (228) 72 19 27 27
Fax: 49 (228) 72 19 27 29
E-mail: tilmann.michalke@vizada.com
20 (GB05) ANDTELCO
TANNERS BANK, NORTH SHIELDS,
TYNE & WEAR NE30 1JH
UNITED KINGDOM
21. (GB08) SELEX COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED
Lambda House Christopher Martin Road
Basildo Essex SS14 3EL
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 1268 82 3523
Fax:+44 (0) 1268 82 3494
E-mail: marine-airtime @selex-comms.com,
Mike.johnson@selex-comms.com
22. (GB11) NERA SATELLITE SERVICES LIMITED.
6 WELLS PLACE, GATTON PARK BUSINESS CENTRE,
REDHILL RH1 3DR, ENGLAND
Tel: 0044-1737648 800 Tlx: 946384
Fax: 0044-1737648 888
23. (GK12) ANDGATE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
P.O. BOX 399, SUITE 52, VICTORIA HOUSE
26 MAIN STREET, GIBRALTAR
Tel : 76761/78880 Tlx. 2310
Fax: 00350 73888
E- mail: Debbbie.attwell@A-N-D.co.uk
24. (GR01) SATELLITE AND MARITIME
TELECOMMUNICATIONS S.A.
(OTESAT-MARITEL)
8 Aegaleo street GR 185 45, Piraeus
ATHENS, GREECE
Tel : 0030 210-4599500
Fax: 0030 210-4599600
25. (GR05) HELLENIC RADIO SERVICES S.A.
14, SKOUZE STREET, 18536,
PIREO, GRECIA.
TEL. 2104181218-19-26-27
FAX. 2104282883/ 2104181079
TELEX. 241469 HRS GR
EMAIL: hrs05@otenet.gr
26. (HX08) MARINE RADIO SYSTEMS, LTD.
6TH FLOOR, HENAN ELECTRIC
DEVELOPMENT BUILDING
389 KING S ROAD, NORTH POINT, HONG KONG
Tel : 00852 25786289 Tlx.- 66338
Fax: 00852 28879144
Email- svgmafe@netvigator.com
26-05-08
27. (IU03) COMPAGNIA GENERALE TELEMAR
VIALE TIZIANO 19, 00196,
ROMA, ITALIA
Tel: (0039)06 322 1800
Fax: (0039)06 324 0148/ Tlx. 611663
28. (JP02) JAPAN RADIO CO., LTD.
NITTOCHI NISHI-SHINJUKU BUILDING 10-1,
NISHI-SHINJUKU 6-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU,
TOKYO 160-8328, JAPAN
Telef. 0081-3-3584 8793 Tlx:242-5420
FAX 0081 3 3584 8796
E-MAIL: j02345@mljrc.co.jp
29. (JP03) KYORITSU RADIO SERVICE CO., LTD.
6TH FLOOR, SHIBA 2- CHOME
DAIMON BUILDING, 3-3, SHIBA 2-CHOME MINATO-KU
TOKYO 105-0014, JAPAN
Tel: 0081 3 5419 4770
Fax: 0081 3 3451 6175
E-mail: kyoristu@blue.ocn.ne.jp
30. (JP04) B.S. JAPAN CO., LTD.
3-8 NIHONBASHI 1- CHOME
CHUO- WARD, TOKYO 103-0027
Tel: 0081 3 3281 - 5261 Tlx : 252-2084
Fax: 0081 3 3281 - 5263,E-mail:bsjapan@sepia.ocn.ne.jp
31. (JP05) MOCOS JAPAN CO. LTD.
YUSEN BLDG. 3-9 KAIGANDORI
NAKA-KU, YOKOHAMA 231,-0002, JAPAN
Tel: 0081 45 671 8301/8302
Fax. 0081 45 671 8303/ Tlx. J47715
E-mail: mocos@msf.biglobe.ne.jp
32. (JP07) MARINE RADIO SERVICE, LTD.
J. NET BLDG. 7F.8-11-13, NISHI-GOTANDA, SHINAGAWA-KU
TOKYO 141-0031 JAPAN
TEL.-81-3-3437-5310
Fax-81-3437-5317
E-mail: tmrs@gmrs.jp
Representante Legal:Takayoshi Nazano (presidente yrepresentante)
33. (NL02) RADIO HOLLAND B.V.
POSTBUS 9094, 1006, AB
AMSTERDAM, HOLANDA
Tel: (020) 101972 Tlx: 13166
Fax: 0031 10 4281498
34. (US02) MACKAY COMMUNICATIONS, INC
PO. Box 58649
Raleigh, NC 27658 (U.S.A.)
Tel: 001 919 850 3039
Fax: 001 919 954 1707 Tlx. 4612018 E-mail: tia.epps@mackaycomm.com
26-05-08
35. (US03) RADIO HOLLAND USA, INC.
8943 GULF FREEWAY,
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77017
(U. S. A.)
Tel : 001 713 943 3325
Fax: 001 713 946 0403
E-mail: rhcomms@ix.netcom.com
36. (US06) GLOBE WIRELESS, LLC
1571 ROBERT J. CONLAN BLVD. PALM BAY,
FL 32905-3562 U.S.A.
Tel.-1-321-727-9766
Fax-1-321-727-9497
E-mail: info@globwirelss.com
PANAMA ROs
PANAMA AUTHORISED RECOGNIZED ORGANIZATIONS (ROs)
1- AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING ( IACS)
2- BUREAU VERITAS ( IACS)
3- CHINA CORPORATION REGISTER OF SHIPPING
4- CHINA CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY ( IACS)
5- DET NORSKE VERITAS ( IACS)
6- GERMANISCHER LLOYD ( IACS)
7- HELLENIC REGISTER OF SHIPPING
8- INDIAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING
9- INTERMARITIME CERTIFICATION SERVICES, S.A.
10- INTERNATIONAL NAVAL SURVEY BUREAU (INSB)
11- INTERNATIONAL REGISTER OF SHIPPING (PANAMA) INC.
12- ISTHMUS BUREAU OF SHIPPING
13- KOREAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING ( IACS)
14- LLOYD´S REGISTER ( IACS)
15- MACOSNAR CORPORATION
16- NATIONAL SHIPPING ADJUSTER, INC.
17- NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI ( IACS)
18- OVERSEAS MARINE CERTIFICATION SERVICE, INC.
19- PANAMA BUREAU OF SHIPPING
20- PANAMA MARITIME SURVEYOR BUREAU INC
21- PANAMA REGISTER CORPORATION
22 - Panama Marine Survey & Certification Services, Inc.
23 - Panama Maritime Documentation Services Inc.
24 - Panama Shipping Registrar Inc.
25 - Polski Rejestr Statkow
26 - Registro Italiano Navale
27 - Registro Italiano Navale
28 - Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
29 - Universal Shipping Bureau Inc.
1- AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING ( IACS)
2- BUREAU VERITAS ( IACS)
3- CHINA CORPORATION REGISTER OF SHIPPING
4- CHINA CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY ( IACS)
5- DET NORSKE VERITAS ( IACS)
6- GERMANISCHER LLOYD ( IACS)
7- HELLENIC REGISTER OF SHIPPING
8- INDIAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING
9- INTERMARITIME CERTIFICATION SERVICES, S.A.
10- INTERNATIONAL NAVAL SURVEY BUREAU (INSB)
11- INTERNATIONAL REGISTER OF SHIPPING (PANAMA) INC.
12- ISTHMUS BUREAU OF SHIPPING
13- KOREAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING ( IACS)
14- LLOYD´S REGISTER ( IACS)
15- MACOSNAR CORPORATION
16- NATIONAL SHIPPING ADJUSTER, INC.
17- NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI ( IACS)
18- OVERSEAS MARINE CERTIFICATION SERVICE, INC.
19- PANAMA BUREAU OF SHIPPING
20- PANAMA MARITIME SURVEYOR BUREAU INC
21- PANAMA REGISTER CORPORATION
22 - Panama Marine Survey & Certification Services, Inc.
23 - Panama Maritime Documentation Services Inc.
24 - Panama Shipping Registrar Inc.
25 - Polski Rejestr Statkow
26 - Registro Italiano Navale
27 - Registro Italiano Navale
28 - Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
29 - Universal Shipping Bureau Inc.
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
New Caledonia project(Pipe laying)
Map of New Caledonia
Mob in Singapore
Mob in Singapore
Bad weather, Transit to New Caledonia
Bad Wx
Bad Wx
Arr Noumea
Noumea
Starting Point,Location
Pipe laying Diagram
Floatel
Floatel
Survey screen
Pick up and hold the pipe for connecting
Supporting crafts
Supporting craft
Length 500 mtrs section, towed by tugs
One section completed
Pick up and hold the line for connecting
ROV trial
Connecting
Sinking the pipeline
Location to Noumea
Residential in Noumea
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Sunday, December 6, 2009
REQUIRED TOWING POWER/ TOWING RESISTANCE CALCULATION (Part 2 )
1) The amount of towing force required is not related to achieving a given transit speed but is defined as the amount of towing force needed to hold the towed unit against a given set of environmental conditions.
2) You may get the data showing the amount of towing force required to achieve a given speed in still water conditions and this may be use in calculating transit times but the ability to hold the towed unit against a given set of wind,wave and current forces from right ahead is the more useful data, as far as the tug master,tow master and those involved in planning and carrying out the tow are concerned.
Standard limiting conditions
Wind speed 20 m/s(40 knts) from ahead
Waves height 5 mtrs
Current 0.5 m/s (1 knt) from ahead
2) You may get the data showing the amount of towing force required to achieve a given speed in still water conditions and this may be use in calculating transit times but the ability to hold the towed unit against a given set of wind,wave and current forces from right ahead is the more useful data, as far as the tug master,tow master and those involved in planning and carrying out the tow are concerned.
Standard limiting conditions
Wind speed 20 m/s(40 knts) from ahead
Waves height 5 mtrs
Current 0.5 m/s (1 knt) from ahead
Sunday, November 29, 2009
Required towing power? , Towing resistance calculation
""A vessel of any kind is to be moved by tug/tugs from one point to another ""
HOW MUCH TOWING FORCE ( BOLLARD PULL ) IS REQUIRED ???
Simplified towing pull formula ( ref : OPL vol 4, page 382 )
'Using 1 tug'
a) TF ( bollard Pull ) = √ 1.5 x Displacement
eg : barged displ = 5000 t
therefore : TF = √ 1.5 x 5000 = 86.6 mt
'Using 2 tugs'
b) TF ( bollard pull ) = { √ (1.5 x Displacement) } + 50
'Using 3 tugs'
c) TF ( bollard pull ) = { √ (1.5 x Displacement) } + 75
***note : Bare in mind that above formula are base on standard environment conditions as below. ( ref : OPL vol 4, page 379 )
Standard limiting conditions
Decided towing power ( bollard pull ) is to have sufficient towing power available to hold a tow hove-too at zero speed in the following set of environmental conditions ;
Wind speed = 20 m/s from ahead ( 40 knts)
Wave = 5 meters in height from ahead
Current = 0.5 m/s from ahead ( 1 knts )
*** Considering of the towing route planing and towing force, pls see detail on TOPL vol 4, page 379~ 382.
HOW MUCH TOWING FORCE ( BOLLARD PULL ) IS REQUIRED ???
Simplified towing pull formula ( ref : OPL vol 4, page 382 )
'Using 1 tug'
a) TF ( bollard Pull ) = √ 1.5 x Displacement
eg : barged displ = 5000 t
therefore : TF = √ 1.5 x 5000 = 86.6 mt
'Using 2 tugs'
b) TF ( bollard pull ) = { √ (1.5 x Displacement) } + 50
'Using 3 tugs'
c) TF ( bollard pull ) = { √ (1.5 x Displacement) } + 75
***note : Bare in mind that above formula are base on standard environment conditions as below. ( ref : OPL vol 4, page 379 )
Standard limiting conditions
Decided towing power ( bollard pull ) is to have sufficient towing power available to hold a tow hove-too at zero speed in the following set of environmental conditions ;
Wind speed = 20 m/s from ahead ( 40 knts)
Wave = 5 meters in height from ahead
Current = 0.5 m/s from ahead ( 1 knts )
*** Considering of the towing route planing and towing force, pls see detail on TOPL vol 4, page 379~ 382.
Saturday, November 28, 2009
Bollard pull, Tow gear size etc
Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 173.
Bollard pull
1 kw = 1.341 horsepower
Maximum instantaneous bollard pull is the value achieved during a test pull when the vessels momentum contributes to the load on the test line. It’s usefulness for practical calculations is of little value.
Maximum bollard pull is the value achieved when the engines are running at full load and can only be sustained for very short periods without risk of damage to the engines.
Maximum continuous bollard pull is the sustainable static pull with the boats engines running at, and load to, makers recommended continuous rating. It is the most useful measure and the one most often quoted in vessel specification.
Calculating maximum continuous bollard pull
Bollard pull is a function of engine horsepower, the most often use measure of engine horsepower is referred to as break horsepower. This is the power at the vessels propeller shaft, ( BHP ). Power may also be quoted in kilowatt(kW).
1 kw = 1.341 horsepower
Bollard pull is influenced by propeller design and the fitting of kort nozzles or shroud.
The following methods are equally suitable.
Method 1 : After Noble Denton and Associates
Bollard pull (tones) = 1.1√BHP ( add 10% if nozzles are fitted )
Method 2 : After US Navy
Bollard pull ( in tones)
multiply shaft horsepower x 25 to 30, for open propellers – divided by 2240
Bollard pull (tones) = (BHP x 30 ) / 2240
multiply shaft horsepower x 30 to 35, for enclosed propellers(kort nozzeles) – divided by 2240
Bollard pull (tones) = (BHP x 35) / 2240
Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 173.
Main tow wires the usual method of deciding on the size and length of the main towline is to express it as a ratio of the bollard pull. The wire size may be reduced for geographical area where gales are rare.
Other tow system components Shackles, tow pennant and towing springs are sized according to the size of the main tow wire expressed as tow wire break load multiplied by a factor.
Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 174.
Three separate tables are shown :
Table 1 – tow gear size :
Bollard pull
1 kw = 1.341 horsepower
Maximum instantaneous bollard pull is the value achieved during a test pull when the vessels momentum contributes to the load on the test line. It’s usefulness for practical calculations is of little value.
Maximum bollard pull is the value achieved when the engines are running at full load and can only be sustained for very short periods without risk of damage to the engines.
Maximum continuous bollard pull is the sustainable static pull with the boats engines running at, and load to, makers recommended continuous rating. It is the most useful measure and the one most often quoted in vessel specification.
Calculating maximum continuous bollard pull
Bollard pull is a function of engine horsepower, the most often use measure of engine horsepower is referred to as break horsepower. This is the power at the vessels propeller shaft, ( BHP ). Power may also be quoted in kilowatt(kW).
1 kw = 1.341 horsepower
Bollard pull is influenced by propeller design and the fitting of kort nozzles or shroud.
The following methods are equally suitable.
Method 1 : After Noble Denton and Associates
Bollard pull (tones) = 1.1√BHP ( add 10% if nozzles are fitted )
Method 2 : After US Navy
Bollard pull ( in tones)
multiply shaft horsepower x 25 to 30, for open propellers – divided by 2240
Bollard pull (tones) = (BHP x 30 ) / 2240
multiply shaft horsepower x 30 to 35, for enclosed propellers(kort nozzeles) – divided by 2240
Bollard pull (tones) = (BHP x 35) / 2240
Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 173.
Main tow wires the usual method of deciding on the size and length of the main towline is to express it as a ratio of the bollard pull. The wire size may be reduced for geographical area where gales are rare.
Other tow system components Shackles, tow pennant and towing springs are sized according to the size of the main tow wire expressed as tow wire break load multiplied by a factor.
Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 174.
Three separate tables are shown :
Table 1 – tow gear size :
Note : BP = Bollard Pull, BL = Break Load
Tow line 2 x BP of towing unit
Tow pennant 1 x BL of tow wire
Chain spring 1.3 x BL of tow wire
Chafe chain 1.3 x BL of tow wire
Nylon tow spring 2.3 x BL of tow wire
Weak link 0.9 x BL of tow wire
Shackles SWL = BP of towing unit
Table 2 – tow gear size :
Note : BP = Bollard Pull, BL = Break Load
Bollard pull(tones)
Part 1 Tow line break load = 3 x BP < 40
Tow line break load = (3.8 - BP) x BP 40 ~ 80
50
Tow line break load = 2 x BP > 90
Part 2 a.Towing springs short in field BL x 1.5
Inter field/ocean BL x 2
b.Shackles/connections BL x 1.5
c.Tow pennants Same size as main wire
d.Weak links Main towline diameter less 10%
Table 3 – Bollard Pull Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 175.
Main tow wire break load 2.5 x BP
Synthetic tow spring 5 x BP
Weak link 2 x BP
Shackles/connections SWL 1.2 to 1.5 BP
Table 4 – Length of main tow wire Ref : Oilfield seamanship volum 8, page 175.
In general the length of the main tow wire is related to the size of the vessel bollard pull and the area of operation.
Frequently used ratios for minimum tow wire length are:
Fine weather areas Minimum length bollard pull x 1200 mtrs
Break load
All other area Minimum length bollard pull x 1800 mtrs
Break load
Most modern vessel with horsepower above 6000 BHP will have tow wires at least 800 to 1000 mtrs and vessel over 10000 HP will have tow wires up to 1800 mtrs in length.
In general the length of the main tow wire is related to the size of the vessel bollard pull and the area of operation.
Frequently used ratios for minimum tow wire length are:
Fine weather areas Minimum length bollard pull x 1200 mtrs
Break load
All other area Minimum length bollard pull x 1800 mtrs
Break load
Most modern vessel with horsepower above 6000 BHP will have tow wires at least 800 to 1000 mtrs and vessel over 10000 HP will have tow wires up to 1800 mtrs in length.
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